A measured sample of leather is soaked in distilled water, and the resulting solution is tested using a pH meter or indicator to determine its pH level.

A standard white test cloth is rubbed against the sample fabric using a Crockmeter under controlled conditions.

Fabric or garment samples are measured before and after being washed and dried under controlled conditions.

Material specimens are subjected to controlled flexing cycles using a flexometer under defined environmental conditions.

Test specimens are mounted either vertically or horizontally in a flammability test chamber, exposed to a standardized flame for a set duration.

Conditioned samples are either immersed in water or subjected to controlled water spray for a fixed duration.

Pre-conditioned leather samples are mounted on a Bally Flexing Tester, which bends the material repeatedly at a fixed angle and frequency.

Standardized test specimens are prepared (e.g., trouser tear or tongue tear shapes), and force is applied using a Universal Testing Machine configured with a tear strength setup.

Standardized specimens are cut and mounted in a Universal Testing Machine (UTM), which applies a gradually increasing tensile load.

A fabric sample is securely clamped in a hydrostatic head tester, and water pressure is gradually increased on one side of the fabric until leakage is observed.